Anovulation is a common condition in women who know the symptoms of anovulation, which occur in women of a certain age or before this age, according to each woman.
There are many symptoms of anovulation that we will talk about in this article.
What's an anovulation?
In a menstrual cycle, every month the ovary releases an egg during ovulation.
On the contrary, when the ovary stops releasing eggs, this is called anovulation. In this condition, the female becomes infertile, she can't get pregnant, and has irregular menstruation.
These are the most common symptoms of anovulation.
Symptoms of anovulation
To know if she suffers from anovulation, some of the symptoms of anovulation give you a hint about anovulation.
Amenorrhea (No periods)
It is a big symptom of ovulation that not getting a period without pregnancy, which is a period that doesn't come, is also called amenorrhea.
Irregular periods
The normal menstrual cycle is every 24 or 28 days. If you get your period before this time or after this time, this is considered irregularity, which is a sign of anovulation.
Very heavy or very light period (Abnormal menstrual bleeding)
The normal period is within four to seven days.
If it becomes more than seven days, and the blood amount is more than eighty milliliters, it is considered a very heavy period.
But, if it becomes less than four days and the blood amount is less than twenty milliliters, it is considered a very light period.
All of these signs are important symptoms of anovulation.
Change and irregular basal body temperature
In the normal period and ovulation, they cause a slight elevation in temperature, but in anovulation, because the level of progesterone is not increasing, this elevation doesn't happen, so it is considered a sign of anovulation.
Changes in cervical mucus
In normal ovulation, there is a white, clear, and stretchy vaginal discharge before and during ovulation. However, in anovulation, because of the absence of eggs, this discharge doesn't happen, and this is evidence of anovulation.
Blood spotting
It is a possible symptom of anovulation that includes periods and drops of blood between periods.
Difficult in pregnancy
It is one of the most important symptoms of anovulation because to make pregnancy occur, we need a mature egg to be fertilized by a sperm and become a fertilized egg, but in anovulation, there are no eggs to be fertilized by sperm, so females with anovulation find it very difficult to get pregnant.
Causes of anovulation
After knowing about the symptoms of anovulation and how to discover this condition, we should know the causes that make anovulation occur.
Polycystic ovary syndrome
It's a syndrome that occurs in some females, which increases the level of androgen hormone that affects the ovaries and may lead to anovulation.
Obesity
Women with high weight and high BMI are more exposed to an increase in androgen hormones like testosterone, which affects the ovaries and causes symptoms of anovulation.
Thinness
Women with low body weight and low BMI may affect the pituitary gland and decrease FSH and LH, which are responsible for ovulation, so anovulation occurs.
Stress
Exposure to high levels of stress leads to an imbalance in hormones like FSH and LH, which in turn affect ovulation.
Pituitary gland dysfunction
The pituitary gland is responsible for producing luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, that is used in ovulation; any dysfunction in these hormones leads to symptoms of anovulation.
Pituitary gland dysfunction may occur because of obesity, thinness, a tumor in the pituitary gland, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, and Sheehan’s syndrome.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
This hormone is produced by the hypothalamus. This hormone helps in releasing LH and FSH hormones, which are responsible for ovulation.
Low gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or damage in the hypothalamus affects these hormones, leading to anovulation.
Thyroid hormone
Decreasing triiodothyronine and thyroxine hormones that are produced from the thyroid gland may lead to an increase in prolactin hormone, which in turn decreases FSH and LH hormones that lead to symptoms of anovulation.
Decreasing thyroid hormone may occur because of thyroid surgery, genetic factors, and autoimmune disease.
Androgen hormone
This is a male hormone, but it exists in females in low levels. If these levels increase, it affects the maturation of eggs in follicles, causing anovulation.
Prolactin hormone
This is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that helps in the production of breast milk. When prolactin increases, it decreases FSH and LH, which affects ovulation.
Treatment of symptoms of anovulation
Treatment of anovulation depends on the cause.
Meaning that if the cause of anovulation is an imbalance in hormones, it's solved by medicine, but if the cause of anovulation is problems in lifestyle like obesity, thinness, and stress, it's solved by changing the lifestyle.
Maintaining weight
If you suffer from obesity, you should lose weight by following a healthy diet, taking medicine, and visiting a nutrition specialist.
If you suffer from thinness, you should gain weight by following a healthy diet and visiting a nutrition specialist.
Decreasing exercise
If you do more physical exercises that lead to anovulation, you should decrease these exercises to a normal level.
Decreasing stress
If you suffer from stress, you should decrease this stress by solving your problems, practicing yoga, practicing meditation, and breathing deeply.
All of these techniques help you to limit stress.
Taking medicines
Medicines that are prescribed to you after visiting a doctor help you to enhance or hide symptoms of anovulation, according to the case.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) injection
This medicine is prescribed to those who suffer from symptoms of anovulation because of a decrease in FSH hormone.
So they need this medicine that contains synthetic FSH injected into the patient, which will help the ovaries release eggs.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection
This medicine is prescribed to those who suffer from anovulation because of a decrease in GnRH and pituitary gland dysfunction.
So when they take an injection of GnRH, it helps in maintaining the amount of luteinizing hormone (LH) needed for ovulation.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) injection
This medicine is prescribed to those who suffer from symptoms of anovulation because of a decrease in the HCG hormone.
So when they take a synthetic injection of hormone, which helps in ovulation by making the ovaries release eggs.
Clomiphene citrate
This is an active ingredient that exists in more brands.
It works by stimulating the gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which in turn helps in releasing LH and FSH hormones that induce ovulation.
Letrozole
This is an active ingredient that exists in more brands
Letrozole works in off-label use by stimulating FSH and LH hormones, which stimulate the ovaries to release eggs.
Thyroxin
This medicine is prescribed to those who suffer from hypothyroidism, as we said, hypothyroidism affects hormones that lead to anovulation.
So they should take this medicine and follow up with a specialist to maintain the thyroxine hormone levels to treat symptoms of anovulation.
Drugs causing anovulation
Some drugs may cause anovulation, such as antipsychotic drugs and anti epileptic drugs.
So females who suffer from anovulation and take these drugs should talk with our doctors to stop the drugs or adjust their dosage.
Conclusion
Symptoms of anovulation cause discomfort to females who suffer from it because it causes many problems, like irregular periods and difficulty in pregnancy.
Females who suffer from anovulation should know the cause to manage to make the right lifestyle and take the right treatment after follow-up with the doctors.
If you suffer from symptoms of anovulation that affect your pregnancy and are trying all treatments, you should think about in vitro fertilization with specialists, and we will talk about it in detail in the next articles.
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